Ubuntu 常用配置方法

前言

　　如今的 Ubuntu 發行版已經不像當年 6.06 LTS 和 8.04 LTS 一樣穩定，各種各樣的 BUG 和反人類的設計使得現在的版本更加難以使用。以下列出的一些方便自己也方便他人的常用配置方法，供裝機完成使用。後續隨着使用會逐漸添加。

列表

[触控板控制]
　　禁用：sudo rmmod psmouse
　　启动：sudo modprobe psmouse

[安装 Flash Player For Firefox]
　　创建目录：/home//.mozilla/plugins/
　　复制文件到目录：LGPL、usr、libflashplayer.so

[关闭错误报告]
　　编辑文件：/etc/default/apport
　　修改：enabled = 0

[Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 源列表]
# 网易163更新服务器 (广东广州 电信/联通 千兆双线)
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# 搜狐更新服务器 (山东联通 千兆)
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

[JDK 安装]
　　请务必卸载 OpenJDK 以释放空间。
　　[1] 解压到 /usr/lib/jvm 并改名为 java
　　[2] 添加环境变量，编辑：~/.bashrc
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java
export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre 
export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH
　　[3] 配置默认 JDK 版本
sudo update-alternatives –install /usr/bin/java java /usr/lib/jvm/java/bin/java 300
sudo update-alternatives –install /usr/bin/javac javac /usr/lib/jvm/java/bin/javac 300
sudo update-alternatives –install /usr/bin/jar jar /usr/lib/jvm/java/bin/jar 300
sudo update-alternatives –install /usr/bin/javah javah /usr/lib/jvm/java/bin/javah 300
sudo update-alternatives –install /usr/bin/javap javap /usr/lib/jvm/java/bin/javap 300
sudo update-alternatives –config java

[PPSSPP 安装]
　　添加源： 　　[15.04] deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/ppsspp/stable/ubuntu vivid main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/ppsspp/stable/ubuntu vivid main
　　[14.10] deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/ppsspp/stable/ubuntu utopic main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/ppsspp/stable/ubuntu utopic main
　　[14.04] deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/ppsspp/stable/ubuntu trusty main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/ppsspp/stable/ubuntu trusty main

　　安装： sudo apt-get install ppsspp-qt

[安装 Android Studio]
　　添加源：sudo add-apt-repository ppa:paolorotolo/android-studio
　　更新源列表：sudo apt-get update
　　安装：sudo apt-get install android-studio

　　×注意：安装完 Android Studio 后如果发现不能运行 (进程闪退)，请重新指定默认 JDK 版本。

[音量调整]
　　音量 + ：amixer set Master 5%+
　　音量 – ：amixer set Master 5%-

[桌面歌词]
　　地址：https://code.google.com/p/osd-lyrics/downloads/list

[杀死 X]
setxkbmap -option “terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp” 

[切换输入法]
请务必卸载 iBus 以释放空间。
im-config

[时间显示标签]
1
%Y年%m月%d日 %H时%M分%S秒\n%A

[回收站路径]
1
$HOME/.local/share/Trash/

[修复破损的软件包]
1
sudo apt-get install --reinstall <软件包名称>